You seem to be refusing to accept fundamental, and I mean FUNDAMENTAL principles. This discussion is going around in circles.
You can’t count periods of fractions of a clock. (You can count half-clocks if you use both edges, but that’s a degenerative case).
If you want to count, say, tenths of a clock, you’re going to need another clock which is ten times faster.
You might be able to do something using a bunch of delay lines, but my head hurts just thinking about that.