A general rule (and there are exceptions) for EM radiation is that is affected by features that have sizes the same or larger size than the wavelength of the radiation. As you can see from the chart, the radio bands above have relatively large wavelengths that are not as affected by objects such as building, trees, weather events or other features in the troposphere as the higher frequency radiation. Another general rule for radiation is that the lower the frequency, i.e. the longer the wavelength, the further a signal can penetrate through solid objects or liquids such as sea water. This type of radiation can also travel further distances around the Earth than other types of radiation, for reasons we will discuss later. Therefore HF and lower frequency radiation is the best to use for direct long distance communications
This is the base reason why modulation is done...