The inverter is made with one N-channel Mosfet connected to a P-channel Mosfet as a push-pull amplifier. Both Mosfets have similar spec's so if one has a gate voltage of 2V that causes it to conduct 2mA then the other one also conducts 2mA when its gate voltage is 2V. Its output is about at half the supply voltage when its input is at half the supply voltage.
Now connect a resistor from its output to its input creating DC negative feedback. If something causes the output voltage to drop then the resistor causes the input voltage also to drop and the gain of the Mosfets causes the output to go up to half the supply voltage where it should be. The same if the output tries to be higher than it should be, the negative feedback and the voltage gain causes the output to be at half the supply voltage.
Since the input is driven from a low impedance and is capacitor-coupled then there is only a small amount of negative feedback for AC signals then the AC voltage gain is high.