Electrons in atoms are responsible for the absorption of light.
Vacuum is the the absence of matter & no matter equals no atoms.
Light is an EM wave, therefore it can travel through a vacuum
But if no matter exists in a vacuum, then there wouldn't be any atoms. & if there are no atoms, then how can there be electrons? & if no electrons are present, then why do we see "white"
light as it travels through a vacuum?
in cathode ray tube or vacume tube there is a absence of matter but as soon as cathode is heated by the heater in CRT it emits electrons which is then accelerated by the horizontal and vertical diflecton plates toward the screen and u see a spot of light. https://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/CRT-Cathode-Ray-Tube.jpg
It's not clear what you're eaxactly asking for. What do mean with "see color in a vacuum"?
By the way, if free electrons are present in a vacuum, e.g. in a vacuum tube, it's usually still considered a vacuum in technical terms. But strictly speaking, a perfect vacuum doesn't contain particles.
Light propagates as EM waves. This means it's carried by photons that differs from electrons. Electron are not responsible of light (or EM wave) propagation.
In CRT the electron doesn't carry light. This is generated by the phosphores on the screen, when an electron hit an atom of it.
Photons can't be classified as particles in classical terms, even if they have the dual behaviour particle/wave. In particular they are massless, then when they pass through the vacuum, it still remain vacuum. However when a photon hit our retina an electrochemical reaction is triggered so an electrical stimulus is sent to our brain. Thus we can see the light propagating in the vacuum and the vacuum is not broken by the presence of photons.