If I remeber correctly the maximum current limit is about 500mA at 5V, so in ur case assuming no losses Pin = 5 * 500mA = 2.5 Watts
Pout = 12 * 200mA = 2.4 watts
mmm very critical so I would suggest using two usb ports instead of one. I think some of the new usb devices use this way to overcome power limitation
Under all conditions you are guaranteed to get 5V @ 100mA, but if you are connected to a PC (connected to the wall outlet) you can negotiate for upto 500mA, but if you are connected to a laptop then it may or may not give you the extra current.