Choke is a folk name for an inductance used to stop signal currents. It generally depends only upon inductance.
A bead is a ferrite material with a hole through it for the wire. It acts like an inductor at low frequencies and at high frequencies an inductor in series with a resistor. This extra resistive loss works better than a pure inductor at stopping signal currents and prevent resonances in the filtering circuit which would make it work less effectively at the resonant frequencies.