1. Google for PIR circuits using quad op-amps, they are all very similar and should give clues about how they work and how the timing can be adjusted.
2. Almost certainly it's a 600V SCR, by it's size and lack of heat sink, probably rated at about 1 Amp.
3. 684 is a capacitor, value is 0.68 Microfarrads. This is probably for interference supression or is part of the SCR firing circuit, it will not be part of the delay circuit.
As john blue states, the IC is a 324 quad op-amp, there are lots of manufacturers, try LM324 if you can't get a data sheet from BCD.
Brian.