This is a general knowledge question but anyway, lets create a scenario. Suppose I have a graphic LCD using which I am making a space invaders game on FPGA (I know FPGA is the worst platform to do so, but lets just assume I am). I shall now need to read out the image of each of the space invaders and put into some sort of image buffer from which it shall be sent to the screen. How would I save all these images in the memory and access them? How would I know which byte of which image is where on the flash? You can give example for either Altera or Xilinx FPGAs.
Now assume I have a character LCD and the menus that shall be shown to the user are all stored inside an external memory, probably flash memory. In what order or way shall all this text be stored in the flash so I am able to access what I want from it? Usually when we read from memory from give an address value and to get what we want we need to know the start and end addresses.