Is the CS, EN & ILIM_SET pins are configured accordingly????
What is the value of R(ILIM) you are using??? and for what device???
This was written in the datasheet...
Thermal Sense
The TPS2511 provides thermal protection from two independent thermal sensing circuits that monitor the operating temperature of the power distribution switch and turn off for 12 seconds (typ) if the temperature exceeds recommended operating conditions. The device operates in constant-current mode during an overcurrent condition and OUT pin voltage is above 3.8 V (typ), which has a relatively large voltage drop across power switch. The power dissipation in the package is proportional to the voltage drop across the power switch, so the junction temperature rises during the over-current condition. The first thermal sensor turns off the power switch when the die temperature exceeds 135°C and the device is within the current limit. The second thermal sensor turns off the power switch when the die temperature exceeds 155°C regardless of whether the power switch is in current limit. Hysteresis is built into both thermal sensors, and the switch turns on after the device has cooled approximately 10°C. The switch continues to cycle off and on until the fault is removed.
See if it is getting hot or not...