A variac is just the thing to slow pump speed, assuming it really would reduce noise.
* Just as an experiment I would try putting a resistive load in series with the pump. Say, a space heater. Maybe a high W bulb (or a few low W in parallel). Enough resistance to drop the pump to 70 or 80 percent of normal power. See if noise level drops.
* Noise is transferred by rigid mounts. Have you tried loosening the mounting bolts, installing foam to dampen vibration, etc.?
* It's essential to measure pump current. The variac costs $30 (+$17 shipping) and it's rated 0.7A. The diagram quotes 162-176 ohms for the pump, which implies it draws 1.4A. This means you'll need to severely cut down power to the pump, for the variac to survive.