Multicarrier CDMA is the combination of OFDM signaling and CDMA scheme has one major advantage that it can lower the symbol rate in each subcarrier so that longer symbol duration makes it easier to quasi-synchronize the transmissions.
The MC-CDMA transmitter spreads the original data stream over different subcarriers using a given spreading code in the frequency domain. In other words, a fraction of the symbol corresponding to a chip of the spreading code is transmitted through a different subcarrier. Spreading code like the Hadamard Walsh code has been shown to be optimum in maintaining ortogonality between subcarriers, because here does not pay attention to the auto-correlation characteristics of the spreading code. Figure 1 shows the basic MC-CDMA system of the jth user, where GMC denotes the processing gain, NC the number of subcarriers, and Cj(t)=[C1j C2j …..CGMCj] the spreading code of the jth user. In this figure the MC-CDMA scheme is discussed assuming that the number of subcarriers and the processing gain are all the same. Therefore, in this figure the number of subcarriers is equal to the processing gain (GMC=NC).
Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA : Wideband Wireless Communications
By Henrik Schulze
*http://mihd.net/fc73is
Adaptive Wireless Transceivers: Turbo-Coded, Turbo-Equalized and Space-Time Coded TDMA, CDMA, and OFDM Systems
By Lajos Hanzo, C. H. Wong, M. S. Yee,
**broken link removed**
Wireless OFDM Systems : How to make them work? (The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science) By Marc Engels
***broken link removed**
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications (Signals and Communication Technology)
By Ye (Geoffrey) Li (Editor), Gordon L. Stuber (Editor)
*http://mihd.net/ir3dqs
***broken link removed**
Sharp phase transitions that are caused by modulation exist between the symbol boundaries. This is illustrated in the following figure. Due to this there is out of band interference as the spectrum reduces very slowly. Windowing is a well-known technique to suppress the side-lobes level of the sinc functions and thus reduce the bandwidth occupied by the signal. Windowing an OFDM symbol makes the amplitude go smoothly to zero at the symbol boundaries. A commonly used window type is the raised cosine window, defined as
However, in an OFDM system, the applied window must not influence the signal during its effective period denoted as TFFT . Therefore, the cyclically extended parts of the signal are pulse-shaped as depicted in Figure Note that this additional prefix also helps to prevent ISI and lowers the SNR to some extent. It is to be noted that windowing reduces OOB but at the cost of reduced delay spread tolerance. The orthogonality between subcarriers holds only when amplitude and phase of the subcarriers are constant during the entire T-second interval
Hence, a roll off factor of β reduces the effective guard time by βTs. the Figure above shows the effect of β on OOB, it can been seen that as β increases the OOB decreases but with reduced effective guard time.
hi all!
even though i am new for OFDM technique, i am understanding because of you guys.
thanks a lot!
and i am going to simulate a wireless channel (myself) by the M-QAM over an AWGN, so that i should choose one of the FEC codes such as LDPC, turbo, Red-Solomon, BCH or other, so first step is to create algorithm
could you help me please to create an algorithm, step by step.
(if it possible from input data till the real output information at the destination)
i really appreciate members of edaboard!
thanks a lot again!
hi aya2002.are u student. can u help me because i seen ur reports. i need some help from u. actually my aim of the project to reduce PAPR in OFDM . i think more ideas in OFDM. could u find me answer and some related coding in MATLAB.please it very urgent because i should implement this topic.
hi gayathri123
i am a PhD student. I am interest in OFDM, but i am new for this system. but you can enjoy our group on yahoo named ofdmandmatlab by the following link as there are may researchers and Doctors in communications and PhD students and others available in this group.
i understand basic OFDM system . it says about some basic principle of orthogonality. i have done my coding serial to parallel converter and receiver p/s.
Could you show some major applications of OFDM as well as state of the art on OFDM? I have heard some novel OFDM based system for example OFDM optical application, OFDM ultrasonics. Thank you!