This sounds like it might be similar to fuzzy logic. It's a concept in computer programming which was introduced to model real-life decision making in natural situations.
It's common to see schematics called unanimous vote detectors made from logic gates. However there are also majority logic circuits, because not every situation is all-or-nothing.
Hysteresis is another principle used in switching action. It's based on two different input levels. A signal needs to rise above a certain level, in order to cause the output to change state. Then it needs to drop below a certain level, to cause another change of state.
The schmitt trigger is a logic gate which has this action built in.
Circuits can be adjusted to have a wide or narrow range of hysteresis.