The first characteristic is of course, the exponential relationship inherent in the device.
The plot of IC versus VBE with the assumption that the collector voltage is constant and no lower than the base voltage.
As,Ic is independent of VCE; thus,different values of VCE do not alter the characteristic.
Next, we examine IC for a given VBE but with VCE varying.
The characteristic is a horizontal line because IC is constant if the device remains in the active mode (VCE > VBE). On the other hand, if different values are chosen for VBE, the characteristic moves up or down.
The two plots constitute the principal characteristics of interest in most analysis and design tasks.