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Calculating Characteristic Impedance
• Each port in a structure being analyzed can be viewed as a cross-section of a transmission line.
• HFSS computes the characteristic impedance of each port in three ways — as Zpi, Zpv, and Zvi impedances. You have the option of specifying which impedance will be used in the renormalization calculations.
• For TEM waves, the Zvi impedance converges on the port's actual impedance and should be used.
• When modelling microstrips, it is sometimes more appropriate to use the Zpi impedance.
• For slot-type structures (such as inline or coplanar waveguides), Zpv impedance is the most appropriate.
• HFSS will always calculate Zpi impedance
Sometimes this happen when use wider microstrip lines, due to lowest order transverse resonance, which occurs when width of the line (plus fringing field component) approaches a half-wavelength in the dielectric. Narrowing the line may help for this issue.
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