The reason for a high 'Z' on the MOSI pin is to allow it to function as an input to the IC.
That doesn't mean that you need to pull it up (or down) to a logic level.
Don't think that's what causes your problem...but I suggest you eliminate the pullup R and use a push pull configuration instead.
After you do that, make sure that you're code for the master doesn't high 'Z' the MOSI pin, and instead drives a logic high '1'.
Also, make sure that you're slave is always configured as such!
Some IC designs implement SPI cores that can function both as a master as well as a slave.
It's rather unlikely, but if your slave can do that - make sure that you aren't causing such a transition by software.
Please refer to the above document for further details:
**broken link removed**
Make sure that your SS (slave select) line functions correctly and that it isn't your code that actually "latches" the MOSI value to the last level.