In energized transmission lines, electric fields around a conductor can become concentrated enough to create an electric discharge. This type of discharge is called a corona and ionizes the air around the conductor. Conductor voltage, shape and diameter as well as scratches, dust and water can affect the conductor's electrical performance and the creation of coronas. Forming on the transmission line, a corona is what occurs when there is energy loss along the line.
When a corona forms, there can be audible noise coming from the transmission line. A crackling or humming sound is generated by small electrical discharges, often caused by water drops that collect on the conductor when it rains or there is sufficient moisture in the air. The EPA has set noise guidelines of 55 dBA for transmission lines, as this is within the range that has been measured during rain.