a) Follow reference link and see fig.7
b) Trimming means the set of resistors shorted by fuse(poly or metal, ...). By burning fuse u can change resistor ratio in bandgap and fit it output voltage to desired value.
c) N - ratio between bjt in PTAT generator. Iptat = (Vos+Vt*ln(N))/R. Increasing N u make the second term in summation lager then the first. Vos - offset, Vt = kT/e - termal voltage, R - resistor value.
All of this is evident. Before designing bandgap u should to be familiar with this kind of circuits. Follow my reference link and find many good papers about voltage references.