Msahisto
Newbie level 1
Good day everyone I have a problem in using the CRC code to check for errors on my code here it's my code running I just wanna retransmit if i get errors so that's why im using the CRC........can anyone kindly assist me your help will be highly appreciated please find the attached Code below
Code:
%%#########################################################################
% Author Muzi Lubisi
% Signal Space Diversity with Alamouti Transmit Diversity
% Nr = 4
% Nt = 2;
% Number of Symbols (four)
%##########################################################################
%%
% clear
% close all
M = 16; %size of the signal constellation
k = log2(M); %number of bits per symbol
%nbits = k*4; % total number of bits
dec_symbols = [0:15];
Theta = 31.7; %Rotation Angle
alpha = Theta*pi/180; % rotation angle in radians
averg = sum(abs(qammod([0:M-1],M,0,'gray')).^2)/M;
Mapper = (modulate(modem.qammod('M',16,'SymbolOrder','Gray'),dec_symbols))/sqrt(averg);
%___Rotate the constelation and find the real and imaginary part
Map_real_R = real(Mapper)*cos(alpha) - imag(Mapper)*sin(alpha);
Map_imag_R = real(Mapper)*sin(alpha) + imag(Mapper)*cos(alpha);
%%
SNR_db = 0:2:16;
SNR_dec = 10.^(SNR_db/10);
Num_error = zeros(1,length(SNR_db));
frame_counter = zeros(1,length(SNR_db));
arg = zeros(length(Mapper),1);
No_of_symbls =4;
Nr = 4;
L = 100; %No of bits to be considered
LUT=[0 0 0 0;0 0 0 1;0 0 1 0;0 0 1 1;0 1 0 0;0 1 0 1;0 1 1 0;0 1 1 1;1 0 0 0;1 0 0 1;
1 0 1 0;1 0 1 1;1 1 0 0;1 1 0 1;1 1 1 0;1 1 1 1];
errorLimit = 3*[1800 1500 1300 1000 900 500 300 200 100 100 100 100 100 100];
%%
for ii=1:length(SNR_db)
while (Num_error(ii)<errorLimit(ii))
frame_counter(ii) = frame_counter(ii) + 16; %bits considered per cycle
%Generate random bits_
b_ip = randi([0,1],1,k*No_of_symbls*L);
for k_m = 1:L
%Generate four pointers_
Pointer_1 = 8*b_ip((k_m)*16-15) + 4*b_ip((k_m)*16-14) + 2*b_ip((k_m)*16-13) + b_ip((k_m)*16-12) + 1;
Pointer_2 = 8*b_ip((k_m)*16-11) + 4*b_ip((k_m)*16-10) + 2*b_ip((k_m)*16-9) + b_ip((k_m)*16-8) + 1;
Pointer_3 = 8*b_ip((k_m)*16-7) + 4*b_ip((k_m)*16-6) + 2*b_ip((k_m)*16-5) + b_ip((k_m)*16-4) + 1;
Pointer_4 = 8*b_ip((k_m)*16-3) + 4*b_ip((k_m)*16-2) + 2*b_ip((k_m)*16-1) + b_ip((k_m)*16-0) + 1;
%Generate four symbols_
X_1 = Mapper(Pointer_1);
X_2 = Mapper(Pointer_2);
X_3 = Mapper(Pointer_3);
X_4 = Mapper(Pointer_4);
%spliting the four symbols into real and imaginary_
X1_real = real(X_1);
X1_imag = imag(X_1);
X2_real = real(X_2);
X2_imag = imag(X_2);
X3_real = real(X_3);
X3_imag = imag(X_3);
X4_real = real(X_4);
X4_imag = imag(X_4);
%Rotation matrix_
R = [cosd(Theta) sind(Theta);-sind(Theta) cosd(Theta)];
U1 = [X1_real X1_imag ]*R;
U2 = [X2_real X2_imag ]*R;
U3 = [X3_real X3_imag ]*R;
U4 = [X4_real X4_imag ]*R;
%Rotation of the symbol pairs_
U1_rotated = U1(1) + 1i*U1(2);
U2_rotated = U2(1) + 1i*U2(2);
U3_rotated = U3(1) + 1i*U3(2);
U4_rotated = U4(1) + 1i*U4(2);
%interleave the four symbol pairs_
S1 = real(U1_rotated) + 1i*imag(U3_rotated);
S2 = real(U2_rotated) + 1i*imag(U4_rotated);
S3 = real(U3_rotated) + 1i*imag(U1_rotated);
S4 = real(U4_rotated) + 1i*imag(U2_rotated);
%generate AWGN
n1 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
n2 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
n3 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
n4 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
%fading channel
h1 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
h2 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
h3 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
h4 = sqrt(0.5)*(randn(Nr,1)+1i*randn(Nr,1));
%Received Signal vectors at t and (t+T) respectively
Y1 = (h1*S1 + h2*S2) + n1/sqrt(SNR_dec(ii)/2);
Y2 = (-h1*conj(S2) + h2*conj(S1)) + n2/sqrt(SNR_dec(ii)/2);
Y3 = (h3*S3 + h4*S4) + n3/sqrt(SNR_dec(ii)/2);
Y4 = (-h3*conj(S4) + h4*conj(S3)) + n4/sqrt(SNR_dec(ii)/2);
g_1 = norm(h1,'fro').^2 + norm(h2,'fro').^2;
g_2 = norm(h3,'fro').^2 + norm(h4,'fro').^2;
%combine the signals according to Alamouti Scheme for four
%time slots
r1 = ((h1)'*Y1) + ((Y2)'*h2);
r2 = ((h2)'*Y1) - ((Y2)'*h1);
r3 = ((h3)'*Y3) + ((Y4)'*h4);
r4 = ((h4)'*Y3) - ((Y4)'*h3);
%De-interleaver the combined signals
Z1 = real(r1) + 1i*imag(r3);
Z2 = real(r2) + 1i*imag(r4);
Z3 = real(r3) + 1i*imag(r1);
Z4 = real(r4) + 1i*imag(r2);
%Maximum Likelihood detection...........................
for jj = 1:M
Xk_I = Map_real_R(jj);
Xk_Q = Map_imag_R(jj);
arg1(jj,1) = g_2*abs(real(Z1) - g_1*Xk_I)^2 + g_1*abs(imag(Z1)- g_2*Xk_Q)^2;
arg2(jj,1) = g_2*abs(real(Z2) - g_1*Xk_I)^2 + g_1*abs(imag(Z2)- g_2*Xk_Q)^2;
arg3(jj,1) = g_1*abs(real(Z3) - g_2*Xk_I)^2 + g_2*abs(imag(Z3)- g_1*Xk_Q)^2;
arg4(jj,1) = g_1*abs(real(Z4) - g_2*Xk_I)^2 + g_2*abs(imag(Z4)- g_1*Xk_Q)^2;
end
[di,idx1] = min(arg1);
[d2,idx2] = min(arg2);
[d3,idx3] = min(arg3);
[d4,idx4] = min(arg4);
est_bip((k_m)*16-15:(k_m)*16-12)= LUT(idx1,:);
est_bip((k_m)*16-11:(k_m)*16-8)= LUT(idx2,:);
est_bip((k_m)*16-7:(k_m)*16-4)= LUT(idx3,:);
est_bip((k_m)*16-3:(k_m)*16-0)= LUT(idx4,:);
end
Num_error(ii) = Num_error(ii)+ length(find(b_ip~=est_bip));
end
BER(ii) = Num_error(ii)./(frame_counter(ii)*k*L);
fprintf('%6.2e ', BER(ii));
end
figure
semilogy(SNR_db(1:length(BER)),BER,'ko-','LineWidth',2);
axis([0 22 10^-6 1])
grid on
legend('16QAM SSD+Alamouti phase1 simulation ');
xlabel('Eb/No, (dB)');
ylabel('Bit error rate');
%title('ALAMOUTI-SSD-16QAM SIMULATION for 4 SYMBOLS');
Last edited by a moderator:
