The microphone input will be AC coupled and filtered to voice frequencys.
The usuall way is to use audio frequency shift keying. There is a lot of information on the web about packet radio with an amateur radio license. When I played with it a few years ago the standard mode was 1200baud, I vaguely recall it sent a single cycle of 1200HZ or 2400Hz audio tone to represent a 0 or a 1. 9600baud required modifications to the radio as it could not be done using AFSK through the audio path
intended for voice.
The audio passband of an FM transceiver made for 12.5KHz or 25KHz channel spacing is a bit small for 4.25Kbps data using AFSK. It may be possible using a more complex modulation scheme, signal to noise ratio allowing.