I'm pretty certain you would need to write your own custom software...
Evidently it will take some work to do what you want. Firstly, to access your sound card driver, and to obtain its data (in the form of digitized audio). Manufacturers and designers are reluctant to make this an easy process.
Secondly, you must write code to perform the desired operations on the incoming data. Your code must be streamlined so that it can keep up with data coming in at rates of several tens of kHz. (Fortunately this is possible with modern computers.)
To display waveforms in real time, you will need to duplicate a digital oscilloscope.
Or, to do speech recognition you will need to do something similar to Dragon Speak software.
Etc.
No doubt you are aware of programming languages such as the C family, or VisualBASIC, or RealBASIC families, etc. If you research their capabilities, you may find one which contains example programs, to get your project rolling.