I don't know why you say it didn't work, a PT100 is essentially a resistor, so as long as you can measure a voltage, then it must work. Anyway..
Check the AD7715 datasheet, and apply the similar design to your ADC, if the datasheet doesn't already have a PT100 example.
In summary, use a constant current source, and use it dual-purpose - to generate your reference voltage to the ADC (using a resistor), as well as
to develop a voltage across the PT100. Something like 400uA as in the datasheet, because you don't want your PT100 to become self-toasty.