Like a lot of engineering things, they can be taught to you many times, but until you do them personally with your hands, you will not understand them in detail. Persistence and practice are the main words. Maintain low expectations. Your first board design will have lots of problems. Your 10th board design will have fewer, but will still have some. You'll never get rid of them all. In PCB design always is something that can be improved.
The circuit schematic is the first step in PCB design, and is very important to have here a good concept, because any mistake or wrong approach will be translated in the PCB layout.
Component placement, first-step routing, routing verification, are the next steps.
If is a simple schematic try to use 2 layers PCB and place the components just on one side. Today, most PCB manufacturers have no price difference between 1 layer and 2 layers PCBs.