Hi, memory is managed by Memory Management Unit (MMU), which is a hardware circuit present in the chip. This circuit is responsible for creating memory regions and assigning attributes (like read, write, executable etc). One memory region makes Process. In process one or more then one task can run.
In general all OS support MMU. But there are some OS which do not support MMU, actually has flat memory architecture.
Example OS Support MMU:
Linux, Window, Vxworks V6 onwards, etc
OS which do not support MMU :
uCLinux,uvelosity etc.
You should also refer following website, which is only for Embedded System and RTOS. http://embeddedcraft.org/