Why dont u visit national instruments web site .... they are doing good business selling Data Aquaisition cards in the market
they have got alot of practical as well theoritical information in there web site....
hi
maybe you are new to electronic, maybe not
but you should know that electronics is a very rapidly changed area
that means you will have to study all the time and alot.
i would start by search all the terms you mentioned in google ,
and in EDABOARD Search engine .
and find results .
you should read application notes and design notes in sites
like ANALOG DEVICES , TI , and more companies in the A2D area.