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K=4.44 Flux Density

sjb741

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Here is a very readable account of where the 4.44 originates...except I do not quite understand the final steps.
davelevasseur.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/TN84-Why-4.44.pdf

Firstly, the average of a positive half sine wave is found as about 0.636.

Then they look at the case of a square wave voltage driving a coil, and derive the relation
Vavg = n.A.4.Bmax.f ; for a squarewave voltage source

Under "The sinewave", the PDF uses the average value of a half-cycle of a sinewave along with the definition of RMS to come up with a factor 1.11. That part seems to make sense, however the PDF then appears to equate the average value of a sine wave with that of a square wave. This is the section I do not understand: Why is this a valid move?
 

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