It really depends on how strict your real time requirement is. If it's real strict, even if usb is fast enough, windows and non-RT linux are not real-time operating systems by themselves.
In terms of data acquisition rate, I would say that the bottleneck lies more in the ADC used, and maybe even more on the microcontroller overheads, rather than the data transfer rate for usb2.0.
Furthermore, USB is a shared bus system, though there are transfer modes that can reserve most of the bandwidth for a single device.
For applications requiring high-speed data acquisition, nothing still beats a DAQ card, with no uC delays and direct interface onto the PCI bus.