As 2016 approaches, conversations around “4G” almost seem antiquated. That’s not to say 4G is old news, but the buzz and excitement around the promise of 4G isn’t as prominent as years past. In fact, the new trend seems to be circling around “5G.”
How will 5G impact the networks?
The biggest difference between 5G and earlier technologies is that it will be a multi-mode technology, able to use 5G, 4G, and wireless simultaneously, aggregating licensed and unlicensed spectrum, small cell, and regular "large cell" basestations. When I say they will use the technologies simultaneously, I mean more than the way that your current smartphone can switch between WiFi and carrier. The technology will basically use whatever spectrum is available to deliver as much bandwidth as possible, including accessing multiple carriers, using multiple antenna to use multiple connections (MIMO), and so on. also 5G is coming along around the same time as the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to produce "billions and billions" of devices. A lot of those devices may just use Bluetooth Low Energy to piggyback off a nearby smartphone to reach the cloud, but in the longer term, 5G is expected to be significant for connecting our "things". There are various lower powered flavors of the standard, for devices that only need limited bandwidth and are delay tolerant.
5G can use existing WiFi and 4G basestation resources, it is possible to start just aggregating existing resources.