hello, a rfid card is nothing but a chip with rf transmitter(operates generally at 125khz may be at some other freq) and antenna. the chip will consist of unique id. when you place the card near the reader the card will get power supply from the reader through induction principle with the help of the coil in it, on getting the power supply the chip starts transfering the unique id stored in it(may be 13 digits). if you know the unique id you can duplicate it for the same(not sure about the process).
regards
kj