The circuit is correct, you should measure 0V.
Since the MOSFET does not turn on, it means there could be a wiring problem or a defective MOSFET or gate resistor. Do you measure 5V between gate and source? If not, the resistor is open or you have a short from gate to source (or the MOSFET got shorted G-S, which can happen easily if you mishandle the part).
Removing the gate connection can cause the MOSFET to turn on or off (or partially on), depending on the charge that gets transferred to the gate due to leakage effects: dirt, flux on PCB, your touching the gate, etc. because the G-S impedance is extremely high.
Never leave the gate of a MOSFET open, since it can easily get damaged. The G-S capacitor can only withstand about 30V max, therefore it can easily get damaged from ESD or leakage from other parts of the circuit running at higher voltages (higher than 30V).
I just realized, looking at your other post, about the buck-boost, that you got the pins of the MOSFET wrong: the drain is in the middle, so you swapped the gate and the drain!
Make this modification and if your MOSFET is still intact, everything should be OK.