In the Ghz realm there are Youtube videos of experimenters who confirm the speed of light by sending electricity through a wire 12 inches long. A very fast oscilloscope measures the delay between the two ends. The fraction of a second delay (1 nSec) is the time we expect.
Old-fashioned color tv's received chroma and luma signals a minuscule time apart, then synchronized them by sending one of them through a coil of wire hundreds of feet long, thus introducing the correct delay.
The above strategies work better in rf frequency ranges.
Your post seems to rule out (or does it?) the automatic 90 degree phase shift seen in a series capacitor when a sine wave is applied. The difference is voltage across the capacitor compared to current through it.