1. It should be a temperature-independent current source if you compensate not only VBE, Delta VBE but also the temp coef. of resistors.
The current I50A is equal to the sum of VBE/RL and (Delta VBE)/RX, whereas the RX is the resistance of the resistor between node Vm and BJT.
2. Vm = VBE of the BJT.
3. To get the voltage VBE and produce a current VBE/RL or VBE/RR.
The following is a similiar schematic.
Your schematic seems be a somewhat twisted version.
Here comes my problem: Is there any advantage to use your schematic instead of mine?