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The isolation of grounds is usually used to separate noisy components from influencing other devices performance. Usually this is necessary in the case of mixed analog digital circuits where digital components make a high enough noise on its ground plane causing analog devices not to function properly.
Thanks Moh. That is some good information about ground isolation. Do you also know why we need to isolate high voltage circuitry from low voltage circuitry?
Usually high voltage devices have a much higher voltage transients. This transient current passes through the ground of the whole system if no isolation is considered. In other ways low voltage components are under the risk to handle this high current transient that may lead to malfunctioning or even burning out. Especially if low voltage devices are input output drivers or receivers (ie. lvcmos).
Safety reasons:
Imagine a light dimmer controlled by a microcontroller.
The traic needs to work with dangerously high mains voltage.
Isolation between mains voltage and microcontroller circuit protects the user at microcontroller side from electrical shock.
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