As you said "dB" is the measurement of a quantity of a signal (eg.: power, voltage, electric field intensity, ec.) referred to a second signal, that is a relative measurement.
power dB = 10*Log(P1/P2)
voltage dB = 20*Log(V1/V2)
E field: dB = 20*Log(E1/E2)
In order to have an absolute value, using the log scale of the dB, the seconde (reference) signal P2 or V2 or E2 can be fixed to a standard value. For instance we have the following standard measurement units:
power: dBm = 10*Log(Plinear/1mW)
voltage: dBuV = 20*Log(Vlinear/1uV)
E field: dBuV/m = 20*Log(Elinear/1uV/m)
There are many others