The old charger should not be thrown. The biggest problem is if there is a protection with the connector. Otherwise you need to get to the wires right behind the connector. Cut the connector of the charger and the connector of the eBike and use what ever charger you want. LiPo batteries of 48V are charged with a higher voltage. If you can measure it 1 time, it would be the best. Just start the original charger 1 time, wait 20 minutes and measure the voltage on the battery with a multimer.
A phone charger of 2A and an LM2577 high voltage module version, can supply up to 57V. Of course this will be a primitive charger without the different modes of switching the current and voltage levels and frequencies. I don't know if it will work well, but if you are willing to risk a charger and module, you can try.
The market is a SCAM according to me and so are eBikes. There should be electrical charging stations which you can use. Please post a picture of the connector that you want, there are different in size barrel connectors.