dissipation factor (tan d)
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""Dissipation Factor
The dielectric loss angle of an insulating material is the angle by which the phase difference between applied voltage and resulting current deviates from p/2 rad, when the dielectric of the capacitor consists exclusively of the dielectric material. The dielectric dissipation factor tan d of an insulating material is the tangent of the loss angle d. In a perfect dielectric, the voltage wave and the current are exactly 90° out of phase. As the dielectric becomes less than 100% efficient, the current wave begins to lag the voltage in direct proportion. The amount the current wave deviates from being 90° out of phase with the voltage is defined as the dielectric loss angle. The tangent of this angle is known as the loss tangent or dissipation factor.""
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