Hi,
first schematic - I guess this is a simulation.
I don´t think it can work this way, especially the ZCD circuit.
R3 is connected with GND and so is -IN of U2.
Thus the ZC signal needs to come via R2. For it to work .. thue UPPER of your AC soure should be tied to GND, R3 tries this, but has no chance to do so, because you connected the LOWER of the triac with GND. In this case the LOAD pulls the ZC signal more to GND ... and the voltage at R3 is to low to trigger an event.
--> In detail this depends on the function of your load. So please verify R3 voltage with a scope.
--> and/or the next step in the signal line: verify the comparator output.
Also: the comparator datasheet tells in the "Absolute maximum values" that -IN as well as+IN should NEVER go below -0.3V. I don´t think your circuit can guarantee this for +IN.
Although the current is limited by R2 ... Datasheet says: Violating "absolute maximum ratings" may result in damage.
Other datasheets state that you may go beyond voltage limits as long as the current is limited. I miss this information with the TI datasheet SLCS005AF.
Btw: Please post links to your sources (datasheets, web sites) .. so we all have access to the same informations you used .. and the according context
Klaus