The first image shows chamfering on an intersection. As far as I know, eagle doesn't make those, at least not in a straightforward way. But playing around with the mitering options might make it work. The second image shows teardrops on a via. I believe Eagle has a ulp script for creating teardrops, but from what I've heard it is difficult to get working.
There are ways to create these features manually by drawing extra traces or polygons, but that's pretty tedious and must be done for each intersection/pad.