Data is transmitted using a transmission scheme with eight levels per signal element (M). If the channel has a bandwidth (B) of 3100 Hz, what is the theoretical maximum bit rate (C)?
C = 2B log2 M (Nyquist formula)
Therefore
C = 2 x 3100 log2 8 = 18 600 bps
The log2 M part of the formula gives the number of bits coded by one signal level.
For a bandwidth B the maximum bit rate is 2B
What is the meaning of bandwidth of a channel?
I studied it is the width of the frequency band used to transmit the data. It is the difference between the upper and lower frequency. My question in what will happen if you transmit the data at a frequency higher than the upper frequency?
Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted per second. But I can't understand how bit rate and bandwidth are getting related? I don't need formula. I just need an explanation. How do you say bandwidth affects bit rate?
Bandwidth can be defined in several terms but usually means a significant amount (99%+) of the power of a signal is contained within a given bandwidth. The criteria of amount of a signal's power within a given bandwidth definition is usually either bandwidth for given amount of distortion degradation to signal, or bandwidth in terms of leakage power amount causing interference outside the specified bandwidth.
There is not a direct relationship between bit rate and bandwidth without specifying number of levels in a symbol period, which is described by Hartley theorem. Without a restriction of signal to noise, you could have a very high number of levels (M) to each symbol yielding bit rate =< 2*Bandwidth * log2(M), which Harley added to Nyquist original binary theorem. Shannon tied in the statistical noise aspect into bit rate =< 2*Bandwidth * log2 (1+ (S/N))