You need to download the AXI spec all of this is stated in A1.4.2 under the Terminology section.
A1.4.2 AXI transactions, and memory types
When an AXI master initiates an AXI operation, targeting an AXI slave:
• the complete set of required operations on the AXI bus form the AXI Transaction
• any required payload data is transferred as an AXI Burst
• a burst can comprise multiple data transfers, or AXI Beats.
So a beat is a single data transfer during one clock cycle. A burst is one or more beats of data.
Neither of these has anything to do with the address cycle nor is it a transaction type. A transaction is the entire sequence of events to preform a master initiated read or write to a slave.