One obvious example is that you used two different symbols for resistors. The zigzag line is of American origin while the rectangle is the European version. It doesn't matter which style you use as long as you stick to one style in the same diagram. Your professor was probably objecting to the mixing of two styles on the same schematic, and I agree wih him. It's not really a matter of right or wrong, but simply good practice to stick to the same style.
There's also the matter of crossed unconnected lines as that near pin 14 of the right-hand SN74LS90. If you use a blob (small filled circle) at connection points, it's not necessary to curve one line (usually a semi-circle) at unconnected crossings. In one older style, connected lines simply meet at a point without any blob, and unconnected crossings are depicted with the small semi-circle. But this style has largely fallen out of favour.
Another thing I'd like to point out is the blobs you've placed at line corners where nothing else connects to them, such as those below C1 and pin 5 of the 555. Those blobs are not needed.