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It is set by the poles and zeros of the mathematical expression describing the filter function. The physical implementations has no direct effect except for approximation imperfections (op amp filters have limited bandwidth and LC filters have parasitic LC values.)
No ... the phase delay is only determined by transfer function. The major advantage of active filter is it doesn't load the circuit, has more power capability on output. The active elements can distorce a few this phase had the non-ideal characteristic, but considering ideal components they are the same.
The the pole and zero are contributed to the phase delay.
Due to the active filer includes the opamp which has many pole and zero.
So , generally, the phase delay between active and passive filter is different.
But, if we codsier the opamp effect to the phase delay, we can optimize the opamp design to minimize the effect of opamp in order to get the approximate result of the passive filter. In other words, we can mak the difference is negilible by optimize the opamp design.
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