The Fourier series is an expression of a pattern (such as an electrical waveform or signal) in terms of a group of sine or cosine waves of different frequencies and amplitude. This is the frequency domain.
The Fourier transform is the process or function used to convert from time domain (example: voltage samples over time, as you see on an oscilloscope) to the frequency domain, which you see on a graphic equalizer or spectrum analyzer.
The inverse Fourier transform converts the frequency domain results back to time domain.