I don't see a LM2576HV specification requiring a minimal load, particularly no hint that the device may be damaged without it.
As far as I rmemember, I have used other "simple switcher" ICs with no load.
My first guess would be that you got a faked LM2576HV which is actually standard LM2576. Another explanation is that you have a large series inductance of the supplying voltage source, resonating with an input capacitor and producing a large input overvoltage, or a different problem resulting in VIN > 63V.