There are numerous antenna types to consider. One easy way is a prime focus parabolic reflector. Gains from 20 dBi to 40 dBi and above are often seen given sufficient space. A horn is another possibility although it would be on the high (large) size of what is usually done.
A yagi-uda array might also be a suitable solution. You might even find examples in the ARRL and "Microwaves101" sites.
Keep in mind that gain and size are directly related.
If you really have to have a patch array there may be suitable commercial versions available. That would not be my first choice because of the associated design complexity but the situation might dictate that path. Again, gain and size are directly related.