You could try to establish a phantom neutral by connecting three capacitors to a common point with each capacitor going to a live phase. If the phase voltages are equal and the capacitor values are the same then the point would be at 0v, however with your +- 10% caps, this 0V point could have up to 60V AC on it.
Your capacitors are marginally rated for 440V, you should use 600V caps. The failure of one of these caps , going short circuit is dangerous , it could put a 440V mains voltage on your 12V line. feed each capacitor via a 50 mA 440 fuse and a 1K ohm resistor (to limit the inrush current to your reservoir capacitor). Use a zener diode to clamp the rectified line to a safe voltage to allow the fuse to blow in the event of a failure.
By the time you have bought all the high voltage capacitors (6) and fuses, it would be cheapper and better to use a transformer.
Frank