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I/O cells (Similarities and differences)

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senmerida

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Can i get the Differences and similarities between I/O cells for Digital, Analog and Mixed signal circuits.
It is basically a classification of the three types of I/O cells and their characteristics .
 

Yes it is possible classification an I/O cells by using circuits. Digital I/O cell using only digital circuits for example digital level shifter,digital output buffers (inverter or tri-state circuits) and so on. in Analog I/O using analog blocks for example to shift the level of logic signal from 1.2v to 3.3v using diff-amp not digital level shifter which can be even simple inverter with thin oxide and think oxide mos transistors.
Also it is possible classification an I/O cells by logic. for example there ara SSTL (1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V), LVDS, CLM and so on :)
 
Yes . that is the classification of I/O cells. what are the differences in characteristics of I/O cells in analog , digital and mixed circuits?.
Is there a possible change in the bandwidth for the 3 types of circuits?

---------- Post added at 09:31 ---------- Previous post was at 09:31 ----------

Yes . that is the classification of I/O cells. what are the differences in characteristics of I/O cells in analog , digital and mixed circuits?.
Is there a possible change in the bandwidth for the 3 types of circuits?
 

Actually digital I/O cells using if your working frequency is low. not exceed ~200 to 400 MHz. because digital level shifter can't operating normally in high frequency. the solution is use much more difficult construction of digital level shifter or replace the digital level shifter with analog level shifter, for example diff-amp. with diff-amp I/O cells can work up to ~600MHz and more (special diff-amp). But replacing digital component with analog we increasing the power consumption. Now most of DDR2 or DDR3 memories using mixed type of I/O cells (logic parts are digital, the other part is analog ) and can reach up to 1666MHz frequency.
New high-speed drivers using Current mode logic (CML), voltage mode logic (VML), and Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS).
 
Thanks a lot. That was a quite an explanation for the query.

---------- Post added at 01:50 ---------- Previous post was at 00:00 ----------

I'm clear with the differences they have.
Can i get results on the similarities of these?ie similarities between I/O cells in analog , digital and Mixed circuits
 

All I/O cell are designated to connect internal signals to external world, providing necessary level of protection from ESD (Electrical Static Discharge) or EOS (Elctrical OverStress) events. This is common feature of all I/Os. All other are differences. Digital I/O can't to transfer analog signal, because incorporate threshold logic bitween input and output pins, while analog I/O have to provide input/output level transfer without significant distortion. Mixed signal I/O can incorporate both possibilities.
 
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