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In its simplest form, the reciprocity theorem states that if an emf E in one branch of a reciprocal network produces a current I in another, then if the emf E is moved from the first to the second branch, it will cause the same current in the first branch, where the emf has been replaced by a short circuit. We shall see that any network composed of linear, bilateral elements (such as R, L and C) is reciprocal.
there is a more general formulation of reciprocity in science ...
If You have a property, lets say 'Y' which depends on parameters X1, X2 ...
then:
Y = f(X1,X2 ... Xn) describes the forward problem
while computation of:
X1 = g(Y,X2...Xn) describes one inverse problem
were Y, Xi are Vectors of arbitrary dimensionality.
Examples are the determination of 'sources' for the magnetic field (electromagnetism) and gravitation (geophysics).Typically the inverse
problem is nonunique and solvable only through additional constraints.
A reciprocity theorem is presented that relates the short-circuit current of a device, induced by a carrier generation source, to the minority-carrier Fermi level in the dark.^The basic relation is general under low injection.^It holds for three-dimensional devices with position dependent parameters (energy gap, electron affinity, mobility, etc.), and for transient or steady-state conditions.^This theorem allows calculation of the internal quantum efficiency of a solar cell by using the analysis of the device in the dark.^Other applications could involve measurements of various device parameters, interfacial surface recombination velocity at a polycrystalline silicon emitter contact, for example, by using steady-state or transient photon or mass-particle radiation
In physical sense.....suppose A does Job1 and B does Job2 and jobs are done..
even if A and B are interchanged and jobs are done , we say that A and B obeys reciprocity........technically, if source and load in a network can be interchanged without change in the network characteristics, it obeys reciprocity....
In circuit theory the reciprocity theorem is very useful.
It states that ,any linear network consisting of more than one sources and other bilateral circuit element,if u interchange the sources.then response will be same.ie any two port n/w, if response due to a excitation is known and if source and excitation r interchange then effect will be same.
In very basic sense A reciprocity theorem states that:
If the ratio of excitation to response is invariant to an interchange in the positions of excitation and response in the network then the network is said to be a Reciprocal Network..
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