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difference between voice and data transmision

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i believe that you are talking about the packet switched and circuit switched techniques and why we use the pcket switched with data and circuit switched in data.

actually in telecommunication the operator is looking for two things first cost and second QoS, and he want to have min. cost with maximum QoS but unfortunatily he cant so he compromise.

we have the circuit switched which provide minimum delay and so the best voice service but in the same time it will be a huge wast of resources if used with data because one user will congest a whole site.

and we have the packet switched which will reduce the congestion effect due to the data and enable easily supporting data transmission but in the same time it will introduce huge delay which will make the QoS for voice so bad.

so in GSM we use the packet switched for data and circuit switched for voice.

but in UMTS we introduce the ATM technique which has the advantages of both packet and circuit switched technique.

i hope this is what you are looking for
 
In addition, the system desgin philosophy is different. Voice service is ususally low data rate and operates in moderate (or even low) SNR, while data service (looking for high spectrum efficiency) operates on higher SNR regime.

Also, data service is of burst nature and is more tolerant to delay.
 
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