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Communication networks can be classified into the following two broad categories:
switched communication networks and broadcast communication networks. Switched communication networks are further classified into circuit-switching
networks and packet-switching networks. Examples of packet-switching networks are the IP network, ATM, frame relay, and MPLS networks.
Packet-switching networks are further classified as connection-oriented networks and connectionless networks. Examples of connection-oriented networks are: X.25, ATM, frame relay, and MPLS.
MPLS introduces a connection-oriented structure into the otherwise connectionless IP network. An MPLS-ready IP router does not forward IP packets based on the destination address in the header. Rather, it forwards them based on a label that is very similar in functionality to the VPI/VCI value carried in the header of an ATM cell.
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