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[SOLVED] 16 by 2 LCD display program for PIC16F877A not getting compiled in CCS C

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udayan92

udayan92

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I want to display text on the LCD.The code for the program is:
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN PIN_B4
#define LCD_RS_PIN PIN_B2
#define LCD_DATA4 PIN_D4
#define LCD_DATA5 PIN_D5
#define LCD_DATA6 PIN_D6
#define LCD_DATA7 PIN_D7

#include "lcd.c"

void main()
{
   char k;


   lcd_init();

   lcd_putc("\fReady...\n");

  // while(TRUE)
   //{
     // k = kbd_getc();
      //if(k!=0)
        // if(k=='*')
          //  lcd_putc('\f');
         //else
           // lcd_putc(k);

      //TODO: User Code
  // }

}
and the code for "lcd.c" file is:
Code: 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////                             LCD.C                                     ////
////                 Driver for common LCD modules                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_init()   Must be called before any other function.               ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_putc(c)  Will display c on the next position of the LCD.         ////
////                 \a  Set cursor position to upper left                 ////
////                 \f  Clear display, set cursor to upper left           ////
////                 \n  Go to start of second line                        ////
////                 \b  Move back one position                            ////
////              If LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE is defined, the \n character     ////
////              will erase all remanining characters on the current      ////
////              line, and move the cursor to the beginning of the next   ////
////              line.                                                    ////
////              If LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE is defined, the \r character     ////
////              will move the cursor to the start of the current         ////
////              line.                                                    ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_gotoxy(x,y) Set write position on LCD (upper left is 1,1)        ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_getc(x,y)   Returns character at position x,y on LCD             ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_cursor_on(int1 on)   Turn the cursor on (on=TRUE) or off         ////
////              (on=FALSE).                                              ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_set_cgram_char(w, *p)   Write a custom character to the CGRAM.   ////
////                                                                       ////
////                                                                       ////
////  CONFIGURATION                                                        ////
////  The LCD can be configured in one of two ways: a.) port access or     ////
////  b.) pin access.  Port access requires the entire 7 bit interface     ////
////  connected to one GPIO port, and the data bits (D4:D7 of the LCD)     ////
////  connected to sequential pins on the GPIO.  Pin access                ////
////  has no requirements, all 7 bits of the control interface can         ////
////  can be connected to any GPIO using several ports.                    ////
////                                                                       ////
////  To use port access, #define LCD_DATA_PORT to the SFR location of     ////
////  of the GPIO port that holds the interface, -AND- edit LCD_PIN_MAP    ////
////  of this file to configure the pin order.  If you are using a         ////
////  baseline PIC (PCB), then LCD_OUTPUT_MAP and LCD_INPUT_MAP also must  ////
////  be defined.                                                          ////
////                                                                       ////
////  Example of port access:                                              ////
////     #define LCD_DATA_PORT getenv("SFR:PORTD")                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  To use pin access, the following pins must be defined:               ////
////     LCD_ENABLE_PIN                                                    ////
////     LCD_RS_PIN                                                        ////
////     LCD_RW_PIN                                                        ////
////     LCD_DATA4                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA5                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA6                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA7                                                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  Example of pin access:                                               ////
////     #define LCD_ENABLE_PIN  PIN_E0                                    ////
////     #define LCD_RS_PIN      PIN_E1                                    ////
////     #define LCD_RW_PIN      PIN_E2                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA4       PIN_D4                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA5       PIN_D5                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA6       PIN_D6                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA7       PIN_D7                                    ////
////                                                                       ////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////        (C) Copyright 1996,2010 Custom Computer Services           ////
//// This source code may only be used by licensed users of the CCS C  ////
//// compiler.  This source code may only be distributed to other      ////
//// licensed users of the CCS C compiler.  No other use, reproduction ////
//// or distribution is permitted without written permission.          ////
//// Derivative programs created using this software in object code    ////
//// form are not restricted in any way.                               ////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef __LCD_C__
#define __LCD_C__

// define the pinout.
// only required if port access is being used.
typedef struct  
{                            // This structure is overlayed
   int1 enable;           // on to an I/O port to gain
   int1 rs;               // access to the LCD pins.
   int1 rw;               // The bits are allocated from
   int1 unused;           // low order up.  ENABLE will
   unsigned int     data : 4;         // be LSB pin of that port.
  #if defined(__PCD__)       // The port used will be LCD_DATA_PORT.
   unsigned int    reserved: 8;
  #endif
} LCD_PIN_MAP;

// this is to improve compatability with previous LCD drivers that accepted
// a define labeled 'use_portb_lcd' that configured the LCD onto port B.
#if ((defined(use_portb_lcd)) && (use_portb_lcd==TRUE))
 #define LCD_DATA_PORT getenv("SFR:PORTB")
#endif

#if defined(__PCB__)
   // these definitions only need to be modified for baseline PICs.
   // all other PICs use LCD_PIN_MAP or individual LCD_xxx pin definitions.
/*                                    EN, RS,   RW,   UNUSED,  DATA  */
 const LCD_PIN_MAP LCD_OUTPUT_MAP =  {0,  0,    0,    0,       0};
 const LCD_PIN_MAP LCD_INPUT_MAP =   {0,  0,    0,    0,       0xF};
#endif

////////////////////// END CONFIGURATION ///////////////////////////////////

#ifndef LCD_ENABLE_PIN
   #define lcd_output_enable(x) lcdlat.enable=x
   #define lcd_enable_tris()   lcdtris.enable=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_enable(x) output_bit(LCD_ENABLE_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_enable_tris()  output_drive(LCD_ENABLE_PIN)
#endif

#ifndef LCD_RS_PIN
   #define lcd_output_rs(x) lcdlat.rs=x
   #define lcd_rs_tris()   lcdtris.rs=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_rs(x) output_bit(LCD_RS_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_rs_tris()  output_drive(LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif

#ifndef LCD_RW_PIN
   #define lcd_output_rw(x) lcdlat.rw=x
   #define lcd_rw_tris()   lcdtris.rw=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_rw(x) output_bit(LCD_RW_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_rw_tris()  output_drive(LCD_RW_PIN)
#endif

// original version of this library incorrectly labeled LCD_DATA0 as LCD_DATA4,
// LCD_DATA1 as LCD_DATA5, and so on.  this block of code makes the driver
// compatible with any code written for the original library
#if (defined(LCD_DATA0) && defined(LCD_DATA1) && defined(LCD_DATA2) && defined(LCD_DATA3) && !defined(LCD_DATA4) && !defined(LCD_DATA5) && !defined(LCD_DATA6) && !defined(LCD_DATA7))
   #define  LCD_DATA4    LCD_DATA0
   #define  LCD_DATA5    LCD_DATA1
   #define  LCD_DATA6    LCD_DATA2
   #define  LCD_DATA7    LCD_DATA3
#endif

#ifndef LCD_DATA4
#ifndef LCD_DATA_PORT
   #if defined(__PCB__)
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      0x06     //portb
      #define set_tris_lcd(x)   set_tris_b(x)
   #else
     #if defined(PIN_D0)
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      getenv("SFR:PORTD")     //portd
     #else
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      getenv("SFR:PORTB")     //portb
     #endif
   #endif   
#endif

#if defined(__PCB__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT
#elif defined(__PCM__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT+0x80
#elif defined(__PCH__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT+9
   #byte lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT+0x12
#elif defined(__PCD__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #word lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #word lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT+2
   #word lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT-0x02
#endif
#endif   //LCD_DATA4 not defined

#ifndef LCD_TYPE
   #define LCD_TYPE 2           // 0=5x7, 1=5x10, 2=2 lines
#endif

#ifndef LCD_LINE_TWO
   #define LCD_LINE_TWO 0x40    // LCD RAM address for the second line
#endif

#ifndef LCD_LINE_LENGTH
   #define LCD_LINE_LENGTH 20
#endif

unsigned int8 const LCD_INIT_STRING[4] = {0x20 | (LCD_TYPE << 2), 0xc, 1, 6};
                             // These bytes need to be sent to the LCD
                             // to start it up.

unsigned int8 lcd_read_nibble(void);

unsigned int8 lcd_read_byte(void)
{
   unsigned int8 low,high;

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_INPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_float(LCD_DATA4);
   output_float(LCD_DATA5);
   output_float(LCD_DATA6);
   output_float(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0xF;
  #endif
 #endif
        
   lcd_output_rw(1);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_cycles(1);
   high = lcd_read_nibble();
      
   lcd_output_enable(0);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_us(1);
   low = lcd_read_nibble();
      
   lcd_output_enable(0);

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_drive(LCD_DATA4);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA5);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA6);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0x0;
  #endif
 #endif

   return( (high<<4) | low);
}

unsigned int8 lcd_read_nibble(void)
{
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   unsigned int8 n = 0x00;

   /* Read the data port */
   n |= input(LCD_DATA4);
   n |= input(LCD_DATA5) << 1;
   n |= input(LCD_DATA6) << 2;
   n |= input(LCD_DATA7) << 3;
   
   return(n);
  #else
   return(lcd.data);
  #endif
}

void lcd_send_nibble(unsigned int8 n)
{
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   /* Write to the data port */
   output_bit(LCD_DATA4, bit_test(n, 0));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA5, bit_test(n, 1));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA6, bit_test(n, 2));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA7, bit_test(n, 3));
  #else      
   lcdlat.data = n;
  #endif
      
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_us(2);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
}

void lcd_send_byte(unsigned int8 address, unsigned int8 n)
{
  #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
  #else
   lcd_enable_tris();
   lcd_rs_tris();
   lcd_rw_tris();
  #endif

   lcd_output_rs(0);
   while ( bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7) ) ;
   lcd_output_rs(address);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_rw(0);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
   lcd_send_nibble(n >> 4);
   lcd_send_nibble(n & 0xf);
}

#if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
unsigned int8 g_LcdX, g_LcdY;
#endif

void lcd_init(void) 
{
   unsigned int8 i;

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_drive(LCD_DATA4);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA5);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA6);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0x0;
  #endif
   lcd_enable_tris();
   lcd_rs_tris();
   lcd_rw_tris();
 #endif

   lcd_output_rs(0);
   lcd_output_rw(0);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
    
   delay_ms(15);
   for(i=1;i<=3;++i)
   {
       lcd_send_nibble(3);
       delay_ms(5);
   }
   
   lcd_send_nibble(2);
   delay_ms(5);
   for(i=0;i<=3;++i)
      lcd_send_byte(0,LCD_INIT_STRING[i]);

  #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
   g_LcdX = 0;
   g_LcdY = 0;
  #endif
}

void lcd_gotoxy(unsigned int8 x, unsigned int8 y)
{
   unsigned int8 address;
   
   if(y!=1)
      address=LCD_LINE_TWO;
   else
      address=0;
     
   address+=x-1;
   lcd_send_byte(0,0x80|address);

  #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
   g_LcdX = x - 1;
   g_LcdY = y - 1;
  #endif
}

void lcd_putc(char c)
{
   switch (c)
   {
      case '\a'   :  lcd_gotoxy(1,1);     break;

      case '\f'   :  lcd_send_byte(0,1);
                     delay_ms(2);
                    #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
                     g_LcdX = 0;
                     g_LcdY = 0;
                    #endif
                     break;

     #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
      case '\r'   :  lcd_gotoxy(1, g_LcdY+1);   break;
      case '\n'   :
         while (g_LcdX++ < LCD_LINE_LENGTH)
         {
            lcd_send_byte(1, ' ');
         }
         lcd_gotoxy(1, g_LcdY+2);
         break;
     #else
      case '\n'   : lcd_gotoxy(1,2);        break;
     #endif
     
      case '\b'   : lcd_send_byte(0,0x10);  break;
     
     #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
      default     : 
         if (g_LcdX < LCD_LINE_LENGTH)
         {
            lcd_send_byte(1, c);
            g_LcdX++;
         }
         break;
     #else
      default     : lcd_send_byte(1,c);     break;
     #endif
   }
}
 
char lcd_getc(unsigned int8 x, unsigned int8 y)
{
   char value;

   lcd_gotoxy(x,y);
   while ( bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7) ); // wait until busy flag is low
   lcd_output_rs(1);
   value = lcd_read_byte();
   lcd_output_rs(0);
   
   return(value);
}

// write a custom character to the ram
// which is 0-7 and specifies which character array we are modifying.
// ptr points to an array of 8 bytes, where each byte is the next row of
//    pixels.  only bits 0-4 are used.  the last row is the cursor row, and
//    usually you will want to leave this byte 0x00.
void lcd_set_cgram_char(unsigned int8 which, unsigned int8 *ptr)
{
   unsigned int i;

   which <<= 3;
   which &= 0x38;

   lcd_send_byte(0, 0x40 | which);  //set cgram address

   for(i=0; i<8; i++)
   {
      lcd_send_byte(1, *ptr++);
   }
  
   #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
    lcd_gotoxy(g_LcdX+1, g_LcdY+1);  //set ddram address
   #endif
}

void lcd_cursor_on(int1 on)
{
   if (on)
   {
      lcd_send_byte(0,0x0F);           //turn LCD cursor ON
   }
   else
   {
      lcd_send_byte(0,0x0C);           //turn LCD cursor OFF
   }
}

#endif
and in this lcd.c file,is where the errors are emerging,when I compile the program.The errors are:
error list.JPG
What should I do to make my code work?
 

I read the link.But It uses a HI TECH C compiler.I am using a CCS C compiler.I modified my code again.The new code is:
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#include "LCD.c"
void main(void)
{ 
    lcd_init();
    
    
    lcd_putc("\fHello World!");
    
}
and the error I am getting when I compile the code is:
error.JPG
What do I do now?
 

You must inform to the compiler what crystal are being used at circuit, so that delay function can be able to calculate proper timing. Use directive bellow to achieve that :

Code: 
#USE DELAY(CLOCK = xxxxx)

Where xxxxx represents crystal frequency.


+++
 
Here is the new code:
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#include "LCD.c"
#USE DELAY (CLOCK = 12000000)
void main()
{
    lcd_init();
    
    
    lcd_putc("\fHello World!");
    
}
And Still I am getting the same error,as in the previous post.What do I do now?
 

I'm not much aware of the CCS C, but from what I can see I think the error is because delay_ms() is not defined. Either you've to create a delay subroutine or else check up the delay function syntax in your CCS C along with defining the crystal frequency.
 
Finally,The code got compiled without any errors...
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#use delay  (CLOCK = 12000000)
#include "LCD.c"
//#fuses XT,NOWDT
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN  PIN_B4
#define LCD_RS_PIN      PIN_B2
#define LCD_DATA4       PIN_D4
#define LCD_DATA5       PIN_D5
#define LCD_DATA6       PIN_D6
#define LCD_DATA7       PIN_D7
void main()
{   delay_ms(500);
    lcd_init();
    delay_ms(500);
   while(1) 
   { 
    printf(lcd_putc, "\f LCD TEST");
    delay_ms(500);
    printf(lcd_putc, "\n LINE NUMBER 2");
    delay_ms(500);
   }
}
But still,when I burned the code in flash memory,All I got on the LCD was a set of black boxes in the first line of the lcd. I adjusted LCD Contrast,But doing that seems to have no effect on the output..what changes should I make in the code?
 

Black boxes in the first line of the LCD indicates that the LCD is not properly initialized. You can try increasing the delays inside the LCD Initialization function. The basic functionality of an LCD remains the same no matter what compiler you use. So you can have a look in the link above and refer the LCD Initialization function to check where more delay is required. Good luck. Even I spent a week trying to figure that out :)
 

try to set the port on which you are connecting your LCD as output ..
e.g TRISA =0x00;
then initialize LCD then send data.
 

I made the changes in my code.The new code is:
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#use delay  (CLOCK = 12000000)
#include "LCD.c"
#fuses XT,NOWDT
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN  PIN_B4
#define LCD_RS_PIN      PIN_B2
#define LCD_DATA4       PIN_D4
#define LCD_DATA5       PIN_D5
#define LCD_DATA6       PIN_D6
#define LCD_DATA7       PIN_D7
void main()
{   delay_ms(1500);
     set_tris_d(0x00);
     set_tris_b(0x00);
     output_d(0x00);
    lcd_init();
    delay_ms(1500);
    lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
   
    
    lcd_putc ("\f LCD TEST");
    delay_ms(1500);
    lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
    lcd_putc ("\n LINE NUMBER 2");
    delay_ms(1500);
    while(1);
} and also tried a new program to send data using rs232 communication protocol to the LCD,as the LCD which I am using (JHD162A) has a inbuilt controller (Hitachi HD44780) for communication purpose,so I thought that it would be useful.The rs232 code is:
Code: 
#include "16F877A.h"
#use delay(clock=12000000)

#use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_D4, rcv=PIN_D5)


void main()
{ putc(255);
  char acap='A';
  delay_ms(1000);
  putc(254);putc(1);
  delay_ms(10);
  
  while(1)
  {  putc(acap);
     putc(254); putc(192); delay_ms(10);
     printf("ASCII  %c CHAR %d",acap,acap);
     while(1);
  }
}
and in both the cases I am getting the same output.Black boxes in the first line of the LCD..

- - - Updated - - -

View attachment PIC Kick User Manual.pdf
The user manual of the development board which I am using for reference.
 

Can I have a look at your "lcd_init();" function? I'm pretty sure there might be some issue with the lcd_init(); function.
 

Here is the main LCD.C code:
Code: 
////                             LCD.C                                     ////
////                 Driver for common LCD modules                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_init()   Must be called before any other function.               ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_putc(c)  Will display c on the next position of the LCD.         ////
////                 \a  Set cursor position to upper left                 ////
////                 \f  Clear display, set cursor to upper left           ////
////                 \n  Go to start of second line                        ////
////                 \b  Move back one position                            ////
////              If LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE is defined, the \n character     ////
////              will erase all remanining characters on the current      ////
////              line, and move the cursor to the beginning of the next   ////
////              line.                                                    ////
////              If LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE is defined, the \r character     ////
////              will move the cursor to the start of the current         ////
////              line.                                                    ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_gotoxy(x,y) Set write position on LCD (upper left is 1,1)        ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_getc(x,y)   Returns character at position x,y on LCD             ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_cursor_on(int1 on)   Turn the cursor on (on=TRUE) or off         ////
////              (on=FALSE).                                              ////
////                                                                       ////
////  lcd_set_cgram_char(w, *p)   Write a custom character to the CGRAM.   ////
////                                                                       ////
////                                                                       ////
////  CONFIGURATION                                                        ////
////  The LCD can be configured in one of two ways: a.) port access or     ////
////  b.) pin access.  Port access requires the entire 7 bit interface     ////
////  connected to one GPIO port, and the data bits (D4:D7 of the LCD)     ////
////  connected to sequential pins on the GPIO.  Pin access                ////
////  has no requirements, all 7 bits of the control interface can         ////
////  can be connected to any GPIO using several ports.                    ////
////                                                                       ////
////  To use port access, #define LCD_DATA_PORT to the SFR location of     ////
////  of the GPIO port that holds the interface, -AND- edit LCD_PIN_MAP    ////
////  of this file to configure the pin order.  If you are using a         ////
////  baseline PIC (PCB), then LCD_OUTPUT_MAP and LCD_INPUT_MAP also must  ////
////  be defined.                                                          ////
////                                                                       ////
////  Example of port access:                                              ////
////     #define LCD_DATA_PORT getenv("SFR:PORTD")                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  To use pin access, the following pins must be defined:               ////
////     LCD_ENABLE_PIN                                                    ////
////     LCD_RS_PIN                                                        ////
////     LCD_RW_PIN                                                        ////
////     LCD_DATA4                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA5                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA6                                                         ////
////     LCD_DATA7                                                         ////
////                                                                       ////
////  Example of pin access:                                               ////
////     #define LCD_ENABLE_PIN  PIN_E0                                    ////
////     #define LCD_RS_PIN      PIN_E1                                    ////
////     #define LCD_RW_PIN      PIN_E2                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA4       PIN_D4                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA5       PIN_D5                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA6       PIN_D6                                    ////
////     #define LCD_DATA7       PIN_D7                                    ////
////                                                                       ////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////        (C) Copyright 1996,2010 Custom Computer Services           ////
//// This source code may only be used by licensed users of the CCS C  ////
//// compiler.  This source code may only be distributed to other      ////
//// licensed users of the CCS C compiler.  No other use, reproduction ////
//// or distribution is permitted without written permission.          ////
//// Derivative programs created using this software in object code    ////
//// form are not restricted in any way.                               ////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef __LCD_C__
#define __LCD_C__

// define the pinout.
// only required if port access is being used.
typedef struct  
{                            // This structure is overlayed
   int1 enable;           // on to an I/O port to gain
   int1 rs;               // access to the LCD pins.
   int1 rw;               // The bits are allocated from
   int1 unused;           // low order up.  ENABLE will
   unsigned int     data : 4;         // be LSB pin of that port.
  #if defined(__PCD__)       // The port used will be LCD_DATA_PORT.
   unsigned int    reserved: 8;
  #endif
} LCD_PIN_MAP;

// this is to improve compatability with previous LCD drivers that accepted
// a define labeled 'use_portb_lcd' that configured the LCD onto port B.
#if ((defined(use_portb_lcd)) && (use_portb_lcd==TRUE))
 #define LCD_DATA_PORT getenv("SFR:PORTB")
#endif

#if defined(__PCB__)
   // these definitions only need to be modified for baseline PICs.
   // all other PICs use LCD_PIN_MAP or individual LCD_xxx pin definitions.
/*                                    EN, RS,   RW,   UNUSED,  DATA  */
 const LCD_PIN_MAP LCD_OUTPUT_MAP =  {0,  0,    0,    0,       0};
 const LCD_PIN_MAP LCD_INPUT_MAP =   {0,  0,    0,    0,       0xF};
#endif

////////////////////// END CONFIGURATION ///////////////////////////////////

#ifndef LCD_ENABLE_PIN
   #define lcd_output_enable(x) lcdlat.enable=x
   #define lcd_enable_tris()   lcdtris.enable=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_enable(x) output_bit(LCD_ENABLE_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_enable_tris()  output_drive(LCD_ENABLE_PIN)
#endif

#ifndef LCD_RS_PIN
   #define lcd_output_rs(x) lcdlat.rs=x
   #define lcd_rs_tris()   lcdtris.rs=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_rs(x) output_bit(LCD_RS_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_rs_tris()  output_drive(LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif

#ifndef LCD_RW_PIN
   #define lcd_output_rw(x) lcdlat.rw=x
   #define lcd_rw_tris()   lcdtris.rw=0
#else
   #define lcd_output_rw(x) output_bit(LCD_RW_PIN, x)
   #define lcd_rw_tris()  output_drive(LCD_RW_PIN)
#endif

// original version of this library incorrectly labeled LCD_DATA0 as LCD_DATA4,
// LCD_DATA1 as LCD_DATA5, and so on.  this block of code makes the driver
// compatible with any code written for the original library
#if (defined(LCD_DATA0) && defined(LCD_DATA1) && defined(LCD_DATA2) && defined(LCD_DATA3) && !defined(LCD_DATA4) && !defined(LCD_DATA5) && !defined(LCD_DATA6) && !defined(LCD_DATA7))
   #define  LCD_DATA4    LCD_DATA0
   #define  LCD_DATA5    LCD_DATA1
   #define  LCD_DATA6    LCD_DATA2
   #define  LCD_DATA7    LCD_DATA3
#endif

#ifndef LCD_DATA4
#ifndef LCD_DATA_PORT
   #if defined(__PCB__)
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      0x06     //portb
      #define set_tris_lcd(x)   set_tris_b(x)
   #else
     #if defined(PIN_D0)
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      getenv("SFR:PORTD")     //portd
     #else
      #define LCD_DATA_PORT      getenv("SFR:PORTB")     //portb
     #endif
   #endif   
#endif

#if defined(__PCB__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT
#elif defined(__PCM__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT+0x80
#elif defined(__PCH__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #byte lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #byte lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT+9
   #byte lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT+0x12
#elif defined(__PCD__)
   LCD_PIN_MAP lcd, lcdlat, lcdtris;
   #word lcd = LCD_DATA_PORT
   #word lcdlat = LCD_DATA_PORT+2
   #word lcdtris = LCD_DATA_PORT-0x02
#endif
#endif   //LCD_DATA4 not defined

#ifndef LCD_TYPE
   #define LCD_TYPE 2           // 0=5x7, 1=5x10, 2=2 lines
#endif

#ifndef LCD_LINE_TWO
   #define LCD_LINE_TWO 0x40    // LCD RAM address for the second line
#endif

#ifndef LCD_LINE_LENGTH
   #define LCD_LINE_LENGTH 20
#endif

unsigned int8 const LCD_INIT_STRING[4] = {0x20 | (LCD_TYPE << 2), 0xc, 1, 6};
                             // These bytes need to be sent to the LCD
                             // to start it up.

unsigned int8 lcd_read_nibble(void);

unsigned int8 lcd_read_byte(void)
{
   unsigned int8 low,high;

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_INPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_float(LCD_DATA4);
   output_float(LCD_DATA5);
   output_float(LCD_DATA6);
   output_float(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0xF;
  #endif
 #endif
        
   lcd_output_rw(1);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_cycles(1);
   high = lcd_read_nibble();
      
   lcd_output_enable(0);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_us(1);
   low = lcd_read_nibble();
      
   lcd_output_enable(0);

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_drive(LCD_DATA4);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA5);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA6);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0x0;
  #endif
 #endif

   return( (high<<4) | low);
}

unsigned int8 lcd_read_nibble(void)
{
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   unsigned int8 n = 0x00;

   /* Read the data port */
   n |= input(LCD_DATA4);
   n |= input(LCD_DATA5) << 1;
   n |= input(LCD_DATA6) << 2;
   n |= input(LCD_DATA7) << 3;
   
   return(n);
  #else
   return(lcd.data);
  #endif
}

void lcd_send_nibble(unsigned int8 n)
{
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   /* Write to the data port */
   output_bit(LCD_DATA4, bit_test(n, 0));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA5, bit_test(n, 1));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA6, bit_test(n, 2));
   output_bit(LCD_DATA7, bit_test(n, 3));
  #else      
   lcdlat.data = n;
  #endif
      
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(1);
   delay_us(2);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
}

void lcd_send_byte(unsigned int8 address, unsigned int8 n)
{
  #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
  #else
   lcd_enable_tris();
   lcd_rs_tris();
   lcd_rw_tris();
  #endif

   lcd_output_rs(0);
   while ( bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7) ) ;
   lcd_output_rs(address);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_rw(0);
   delay_cycles(1);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
   lcd_send_nibble(n >> 4);
   lcd_send_nibble(n & 0xf);
}

#if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
unsigned int8 g_LcdX, g_LcdY;
#endif

void lcd_init(void) 
{
   unsigned int8 i;

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_drive(LCD_DATA4);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA5);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA6);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0x0;
  #endif
   lcd_enable_tris();
   lcd_rs_tris();
   lcd_rw_tris();
 #endif

   lcd_output_rs(0);
   lcd_output_rw(0);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
    
   delay_ms(15);
   for(i=1;i<=3;++i)
   {
       lcd_send_nibble(3);
       delay_ms(5);
   }
   
   lcd_send_nibble(2);
   delay_ms(5);
   for(i=0;i<=3;++i)
      lcd_send_byte(0,LCD_INIT_STRING[i]);

  #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
   g_LcdX = 0;
   g_LcdY = 0;
  #endif
}

void lcd_gotoxy(unsigned int8 x, unsigned int8 y)
{
   unsigned int8 address;
   
   if(y!=1)
      address=LCD_LINE_TWO;
   else
      address=0;
     
   address+=x-1;
   lcd_send_byte(0,0x80|address);

  #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
   g_LcdX = x - 1;
   g_LcdY = y - 1;
  #endif
}

void lcd_putc(char c)
{
   switch (c)
   {
      case '\a'   :  lcd_gotoxy(1,1);     break;

      case '\f'   :  lcd_send_byte(0,1);
                     delay_ms(2);
                    #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
                     g_LcdX = 0;
                     g_LcdY = 0;
                    #endif
                     break;

     #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
      case '\r'   :  lcd_gotoxy(1, g_LcdY+1);   break;
      case '\n'   :
         while (g_LcdX++ < LCD_LINE_LENGTH)
         {
            lcd_send_byte(1, ' ');
         }
         lcd_gotoxy(1, g_LcdY+2);
         break;
     #else
      case '\n'   : lcd_gotoxy(1,2);        break;
     #endif
     
      case '\b'   : lcd_send_byte(0,0x10);  break;
     
     #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
      default     : 
         if (g_LcdX < LCD_LINE_LENGTH)
         {
            lcd_send_byte(1, c);
            g_LcdX++;
         }
         break;
     #else
      default     : lcd_send_byte(1,c);     break;
     #endif
   }
}
 
char lcd_getc(unsigned int8 x, unsigned int8 y)
{
   char value;

   lcd_gotoxy(x,y);
   while ( bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7) ); // wait until busy flag is low
   lcd_output_rs(1);
   value = lcd_read_byte();
   lcd_output_rs(0);
   
   return(value);
}

// write a custom character to the ram
// which is 0-7 and specifies which character array we are modifying.
// ptr points to an array of 8 bytes, where each byte is the next row of
//    pixels.  only bits 0-4 are used.  the last row is the cursor row, and
//    usually you will want to leave this byte 0x00.
void lcd_set_cgram_char(unsigned int8 which, unsigned int8 *ptr)
{
   unsigned int i;

   which <<= 3;
   which &= 0x38;

   lcd_send_byte(0, 0x40 | which);  //set cgram address

   for(i=0; i<8; i++)
   {
      lcd_send_byte(1, *ptr++);
   }
  
   #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
    lcd_gotoxy(g_LcdX+1, g_LcdY+1);  //set ddram address
   #endif
}

void lcd_cursor_on(int1 on)
{
   if (on)
   {
      lcd_send_byte(0,0x0F);           //turn LCD cursor ON
   }
   else
   {
      lcd_send_byte(0,0x0C);           //turn LCD cursor OFF
   }
}

#endif
and the lcd_init(); function within the LCD.C code is:
Code: 
{
   unsigned int8 i;

 #if defined(__PCB__)
   set_tris_lcd(LCD_OUTPUT_MAP);
 #else
  #if (defined(LCD_DATA4) && defined(LCD_DATA5) && defined(LCD_DATA6) && defined(LCD_DATA7))
   output_drive(LCD_DATA4);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA5);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA6);
   output_drive(LCD_DATA7);
  #else
   lcdtris.data = 0x0;
  #endif
   lcd_enable_tris();
   lcd_rs_tris();
   lcd_rw_tris();
 #endif

   lcd_output_rs(0);
   lcd_output_rw(0);
   lcd_output_enable(0);
    
   delay_ms(15);
   for(i=1;i<=3;++i)
   {
       lcd_send_nibble(3);
       delay_ms(5);
   }
   
   lcd_send_nibble(2);
   delay_ms(5);
   for(i=0;i<=3;++i)
      lcd_send_byte(0,LCD_INIT_STRING[i]);

  #if defined(LCD_EXTENDED_NEWLINE)
   g_LcdX = 0;
   g_LcdY = 0;
  #endif
}
 

I guess this is some example code that came along with some purchase. LCD logic is not that hard, but this code is making me do some homework with CCS C. If you've access to an oscilloscope you can check if you are getting the pulses in the data, enable and RW pins of the microcontroller. I'm also doing my homework in the meantime :smile:

- - - Updated - - -

Check if this works. I've checked with Proteus and it seems working fine.
 

Attachments

  • CCS C.rar
    21.4 KB · Views: 158
Last edited:

Can you place here at least part of the circuit schematic responsible for managing the LCD device ?


+++
 

Here is the LCD Schematic..
lcdschmtc.JPG

- - - Updated - - -

I tried that code.Again there were black lines on the LCD and I noticed just now,when the code gets written in the micro controller IC,LEDs connected to port pins,RD0 and RD2 light up and when I included the micro controller header file,in the code you sent,in this way..:
Code: 
#include <16F877A.h>
#include <test.h>
#fuses XT, NOWDT, NOPROTECT, BROWNOUT, PUT, NOLVP
#use delay(clock = 12000000) 
#include "custom_lcd.c"

void main()
{
    set_tris_b(0x00);
    set_tris_d(0x00);
    output_b(0x00);
    output_d(0x00);
    delay_ms(100);
    lcd_init();
    delay_ms(100);
    for(;;){
   lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
   printf(lcd_putc,"Hello");
   lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
   printf(lcd_putc,"LCD Program");
   }
}
What I got was this..:
error2.JPG
Also only the first line of the LCD responds to the contrast adjust signal from the potentiometer.
 

https://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece445/wiki/?n=More.PICCCSInterfacingWithAnLCD
The LCD driver given here is for LCD D4-D7 as Pin D0-D3 but in yours it's Pin D4-D7 so you've to change the bit shifting. I'll try again tomorrow if you still have problems.

- - - Updated - - -

udayan92 said:
Code: 
#include <16F877A.h>
#include <test.h>
#fuses XT, NOWDT, NOPROTECT, BROWNOUT, PUT, NOLVP
#use delay(clock = 12000000) 
#include "custom_lcd.c"

void main()
{
    set_tris_b(0x00);
    set_tris_d(0x00);
    output_b(0x00);
    output_d(0x00);
    delay_ms(100);
    lcd_init();
    delay_ms(100);
    for(;;){
   lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
   printf(lcd_putc,"Hello");
   lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
   printf(lcd_putc,"LCD Program");
   }
}
Click to expand...

The test.h includes the 16F877A.h and crystal frequency so you don't have to put again. This code is having the bit shifting problems of the lower and upper nibble, you give it a try and I'll join tomorrow :smile:
 
Finally....I am getting text on the LCD...!!:)
The final working code is..
Code: 
//#include "16F877A.h"
#include "pr10.h"
#fuses XT,NOWDT,NOPROTECT,NOLVP,PUT,BROWNOUT
#use delay  (CLOCK = 12000000)
#include "flex_lcd.c"
//#use rs232 (baud=9600,xmit=PIN_D6,rcv=PIN_D7)
//#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN  PIN_B4
//#define LCD_RS_PIN      PIN_B2
//#define LCD_DATA4       PIN_D4
//#define LCD_DATA5       PIN_D5
//#define LCD_DATA6       PIN_D6
//#define LCD_DATA7       PIN_D7
//#include "LCD.c"
void main()
{    set_tris_d(0x00);
     set_tris_b(0x00);
     output_d(0x00);
     output_b(0x00);
     delay_ms(1500);
    lcd_init();
    delay_ms(1500);
    //lcd_cursor_on(1,TRUE);
  for(;;){  lcd_gotoxy(1,1);
   
    
    printf(lcd_putc,"\f LCD TEST");
    delay_ms(1500);
    lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
    printf(lcd_putc,"\n LINE NUMBER 2");
    delay_ms(1500);
  }
   
}
and the modifications I did in the flex_lcd.c driver was changing the pin assignment and changing the R/W pin assignment in the driver to a comment,since in the development board I am using,R/W pin is grounded.The edited flex_lcd.c driver is:
Code: 
// flex_lcd.c

// These pins are for the Microchip PicDem2-Plus board,
// which is what I used to test the driver.  Change these
// pins to fit your own board.

#define LCD_DB4   PIN_D4
#define LCD_DB5   PIN_D5
#define LCD_DB6   PIN_D6
#define LCD_DB7   PIN_D7

#define LCD_E     PIN_B4
#define LCD_RS    PIN_B2
//#define LCD_RW    PIN_A2

// If you only want a 6-pin interface to your LCD, then
// connect the R/W pin on the LCD to ground, and comment
// out the following line.

//#define USE_LCD_RW   1     

//========================================

#define lcd_type 2        // 0=5x7, 1=5x10, 2=2 lines
#define lcd_line_two 0x40 // LCD RAM address for the 2nd line


int8 const LCD_INIT_STRING[4] =
{
 0x20 | (lcd_type << 2), // Func set: 4-bit, 2 lines, 5x8 dots
 0xc,                    // Display on
 1,                      // Clear display
 6                       // Increment cursor
 };


//-------------------------------------
void lcd_send_nibble(int8 nibble)
{
// Note:  !! converts an integer expression
// to a boolean (1 or 0).
 output_bit(LCD_DB4, !!(nibble & 1));
 output_bit(LCD_DB5, !!(nibble & 2)); 
 output_bit(LCD_DB6, !!(nibble & 4));   
 output_bit(LCD_DB7, !!(nibble & 8));   

 delay_cycles(1);
 output_high(LCD_E);
 delay_us(2);
 output_low(LCD_E);
}

//-----------------------------------
// This sub-routine is only called by lcd_read_byte().
// It's not a stand-alone routine.  For example, the
// R/W signal is set high by lcd_read_byte() before
// this routine is called.     

#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
int8 lcd_read_nibble(void)
{
int8 retval;
// Create bit variables so that we can easily set
// individual bits in the retval variable.
#bit retval_0 = retval.0
#bit retval_1 = retval.1
#bit retval_2 = retval.2
#bit retval_3 = retval.3

retval = 0;

output_high(LCD_E);
delay_cycles(1);

retval_0 = input(LCD_DB4);
retval_1 = input(LCD_DB5);
retval_2 = input(LCD_DB6);
retval_3 = input(LCD_DB7);

output_low(LCD_E);

return(retval);   
}   
#endif

//---------------------------------------
// Read a byte from the LCD and return it.

#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
int8 lcd_read_byte(void)
{
int8 low;
int8 high;

output_high(LCD_RW);
delay_cycles(1);

high = lcd_read_nibble();

low = lcd_read_nibble();

return( (high<<4) | low);
}
#endif

//----------------------------------------
// Send a byte to the LCD.
void lcd_send_byte(int8 address, int8 n)
{
output_low(LCD_RS);

#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
while(bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7)) ;
#else
delay_us(60); 
#endif

if(address)
   output_high(LCD_RS);
else
   output_low(LCD_RS);

 delay_cycles(1);

#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
output_low(LCD_RW);
delay_cycles(1);
#endif

output_low(LCD_E);

lcd_send_nibble(n >> 4);
lcd_send_nibble(n & 0xf);
}

//----------------------------
void lcd_init(void)
{
int8 i;

output_low(LCD_RS);

#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
output_low(LCD_RW);
#endif

output_low(LCD_E);

delay_ms(15);

for(i=0 ;i < 3; i++)
   {
    lcd_send_nibble(0x03);
    delay_ms(5);
   }

lcd_send_nibble(0x02);

for(i=0; i < sizeof(LCD_INIT_STRING); i++)
   {
    lcd_send_byte(0, LCD_INIT_STRING[i]);

    // If the R/W signal is not used, then
    // the busy bit can't be polled.  One of
    // the init commands takes longer than
    // the hard-coded delay of 60 us, so in
    // that case, lets just do a 5 ms delay
    // after all four of them.
    #ifndef USE_LCD_RW
    delay_ms(5);
    #endif
   }

}

//----------------------------

void lcd_gotoxy(int8 x, int8 y)
{
int8 address;

if(y != 1)
   address = lcd_line_two;
else
   address=0;

address += x-1;
lcd_send_byte(0, 0x80 | address);
}

//-----------------------------
void lcd_putc(char c)
{
 switch(c)
   {
    case '\f':
      lcd_send_byte(0,1);
      delay_ms(2);
      break;

    case '\n':
       lcd_gotoxy(1,2);
       break;

    case '\b':
       lcd_send_byte(0,0x10);
       break;

    default:
       lcd_send_byte(1,c);
       break;
   }
}

//------------------------------
#ifdef USE_LCD_RW
char lcd_getc(int8 x, int8 y)
{
char value;

lcd_gotoxy(x,y);

// Wait until busy flag is low.
while(bit_test(lcd_read_byte(),7)); 

output_high(LCD_RS);
value = lcd_read_byte();
output_low(lcd_RS);

return(value);
}
#endif
 

Cheers!! It would have been easily resolved if you were using MPLAB IDE, 'cause I'm much familiar with that :smile:
 

Well,I tried using MPLAB IDE,but the only compiler available in it were MPASM and HI TECH C compiler,which I had used previously,was out of date.All I wanted was a hex file which I could burn in the Flash memory.While MPLAB IDE can also be used to generate hex files,it is not the only way.So I turned to CCS C compiler.Its user interface is quite easy to figure out and when I saw that after compiling it,I was getting hex files,I switched over to using CCS C compiler for writing code(s).
 

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